Patagonia Park

They call it the Future Patagonia National Park. ‘They’ are the workers, volunteers and interns working for Conservacion Patagonica, a charity established by Kris Tompkins, the former CEO of the Patagonia outdoor clothing brand (and wife of Doug); and ‘future’ because they are still creating it from scratch.

According to my map the Chacabuco Valley – a substantial piece of the prospective park – runs from the Carretera Austral in the west to the eastern mouth of the valley on the doorstep to Argentinian Patagonia. A 57 kilometre, single-track dirt road runs the full length of the valley eventually into Argentina (park this knowledge for the next blog!).

We are out for a day’s hike exploring the forests and mountains that overlook the nerve centre of the project – a curious combination of old estancia (farm) buildings currently serving as offices, etc., and brand new, stone-clad, copper-roofed constructions of high specifications, comfort and functionality and radiating, deliberately, an air of permanence. The buildings are sheltered by (introduced) poplar trees – characteristic of estancias in both Chilean and Argentinian Patagonia and planted as arboreal foils against the incessant winds descending from the Campo de Hielo Norte (Northern Ice Cap) to the west.

The impressive, new Chacabuco Lodge

Motley collection of buildings at the nerve centre of the future Patagonia Park, and a guanaco

Valle Chacabuco, view from the south

Some flowers

As we ascend, puffing and perspiring, through southern beech forests to the tree-line, the landscape slowly reveals its narrative. The forest is a mixture of small patches of mature woodland, large areas of young trees re-growing through the silver, horizontal corpses of their progenitors, and bare grassland with thousands and thousands of timber skeletons scattered like a giant’s matches. Looking back, the congregation of new and old buildings from where we have just walked appears miniscule in the broad, grassy valley of the Rio Chacabuco, guarded by impressive snow-capped mountains and contorted volcanic terrain. The valley relates in microcosm man’s misuse of the fragile lands of Patagonia. Just a few years ago the valley was once home to 30,000 sheep and 4,000 cattle, which out-competed the resident guanacos – the main food for the puma. So, the puma turned to eating sheep, and shepherds turned to hunting pumas. The diminishing grass cover laid bare fragile soil to erosion. The forest was cut and burned to provide more grazing – some of the fires burning unchecked or weeks – and 500 kilometres of fencing dissected the land and stymied the movement of wild animals.

Kate among forest remnants

Large-scale forest destruction viewed northwards across the Chacabuco valley

Conservacion Patagonica bought the 200,000 acre ecological disaster of the Estancia Chacabuco in 2004. Further lands have been acquired and accreted onto the Chacabuco empire. But why here?

The valley is at the heart of the transitional zone between the semi-arid Patagonian steppe to the east and temperate southern beech forests to the west, hence it has an important diversity of habitats and creatures in an ecosystem that is under-protected globally. The area is also home to one of the largest remaining populations of the endangered huemul deer. Also, the valley connects two nationally protected reserves. The intention is to combine all three areas and upgrade the overall conservation status from national reserve to national park – the Patagonia National Park – which it is hoped will become as internationally iconic as Yosemite or Torres del Paine. The visitors it will attract will under-pin a new economy based on tourism and more sustainable methods of farming and forest management.

Yours truly at the top

Most of the sheep and cattle have been sold off and Conservacion Patagonica workers are removing fencing, restoring grasslands and building trails for visitors, including the one we are now hiking. We are heading for a small, post-glacial lake for lunch. I am accompanied by Lisi and Jane, my two American Carretera soul-mates, and Kate, Matt and Jordan – interns on the project. (I suddenly realize that I am the only non-American in the group – and here we are in the middle of nowhere half-way up a mountain in southern Chile. Weird!) As the others head down to the lake I entice Jane to accompany me up a nearby peak of black rock off-set by a perfect blue sky and patches of snow. She is reluctant at first, until I promise a surprise at the top! After 20 more minutes of puffing and perspiring we reach the pinnacle of Monte Tamanguito. The 360-degree panorama of mountains, valleys, forests and lakes is jaw-droppingly spectacular. To the east – and Argentina - the dryness is apparent – and this is where I’ll be heading in a couple of days’ time. To the south, the glacier-collared, border straddling, 3,700-metre hulk of Monte San Lorenzo dominates the horizon and magnetically draws my gaze. We sit on a lump of old lava, out of the wind, and I dig into my rucksack to extract a large, unopened Christmas cake, which I bought in Coyhaique a couple of days ago. Jane appreciates the surprise and together we eat almost all of it!

View south to Monte San Lorenzoe or Cochrane on the Chile - Argentina border

The journey down is harder than the way up. My old rugby knee injury doesn’t do downhill, so I fall way behind and lose the trail. I can see where I need to get to though; I just have to fight through a dense thicket of young southern beech trees re-growing through the ankle traps of their fallen parents.

Lunch-time

After our picnic lunch sitting on rock watching wheeling Andean condors, we take a hypothermia-inducing dip in the lake. Post dip, we dress quickly partly to avoid the onset of hypothermia, but mainly to protect ourselves from horse-sized horse flies. But to no avail; the buggers even bite through our clothing – and they appear to love the taste of Yorkshire men!

We gradually descend through a natural adventure playground of unimaginable volcanic rock formations, forests, rivers and lakes. And the sun beams down kindly. Approaching the estancia we are aware that we are being watched. On a rocky outcrop above us, three guanaco sentinels check our progress, chattering urgently amongst themselves.

Guanaco sentinel

Back at the impressive Chacabuco Lodge, we settle in the luxurious dining room - come bar - come library, flooded by the mellow light of the setting sun. We are tired and relaxed and amazed by the story of this place and the lessons it offers. Over the next couple of days we will discover more about the landscape and its restoration and the dedicated people who work here. They generously offer us fantastic hospitality and their precious time to explain their work and their lives. This is a truly uplifting and inspiring place and I, for one, will be sorry to leave.

With Thelma and Louise on the Carretera Austral (continued)

Apologies for taking so long posting the second part of this journey along the Carretera Austral.

After a fine breakfast in our Germanic bed and breakfast in Coyhaique, we venture into the town centre to acquire provisions for the next part of our Carretera Austral adventure deeper into Patagonian Chile.



Downtown Coyhaique

This bustling town is the largest for hundreds of kilometres (population 45,000 and growing). There’s a lot going on on this island of civilisation surrounded by seemingly endless emptiness. Coyhaique was founded in 1929 and is now the equivalent of Keswick in the English Lake District, with its abundance of outdoor/ mountain sports shops. The Carretera Austral, pushed through this area in the 1980s, has driven the development of the town.

We find the supermarket and stock up on feel-good essentials like biscuits and Christmas cake for the long days ahead. Lisi buys a spare petrol can as petrol stations will be very few and very, very far between and there is no guarantee that they will have any fuel when you arrive.

Setting off, we head south through denuded, pastoral terrain. The new, black-topped road glides us smoothly through empty panoramas. Volcanic bluffs intimate a violent past, with lurid green layers sandwiched between darker basalts, or sub-vertical, dark basalt columns reminiscent of the Northern Irelands Giant’s Causeway. Burnt orange and brown geological contortions contrast with the purity of the perfect blue sky and blinding snowfields as we motor through the Cerro Castillo National Reserve. Over the mountain pass, the still tarmacked road winds downhill with breathtaking views of impossible peaks and distant ranges.

Why the green layer? Answers on a postcard please.

Reserva Nacional Cerro Castillo

Cerro Castillo

Chilean Firebush

Eventually the black road ends and we are back on the familiar, rattling ripio for the rest of our journey, paralleling the Rio Ibáñez as it networks along its broad, flat valley floor. The standing and fallen silver timber dead extensively tell of great fires, logging and over-grazing reducing the valley to a meagre forest patchwork at best; the arboreal blanket of Patagonia has been laid threadbare over huge areas and its regrowth is hindered by repeated burning and over-grazing – it’s like this for hundreds and hundreds of miles. The forest is returning sporadically in some areas – maybe the fundo (farm) has closed – but it’s not yet enough to make a substantial difference. The occasional hardy cow grazes its way through the tragedy, oblivious.

We stop every few minutes for yet more photographs of yet more mountains. I already have hundreds (– it takes ages to pick the ones to include in this blog!). The benefits of driving yourself, compared to being in a bus or train, is that you can stop when and where you want for pictures, or for any other reason. And the joy of travelling with others who become friends, especially in the wilderness, enhances the experience and relieves you from the unsettling discovery of how boring you really are.

Rising through the valley of the Rio Cajon we approach an apparently impenetrable mountain wall of rock and glaciers. The Carretera skirts it, taking a sharp left down the densely forested valley of the Rio Murta to the shores of the Lago General Carrera. The lake straddles the border with Argentina, where it is called the Lagos Buenos Aires, and is the second largest lake in South America at 2,240 km2. The turquoise lake is squeezed between mountains, and the Carretera is squeezed even more tightly between the mountains and the shore. Every few minutes, from the seat behind me where Lisi (Thelma) is sitting, I hear a quiet, private gasp – usually containing an expletive or two – at the unfolding geographical drama enveloping us; it’s a sensory overload and it’s only going to increase.

We stop at the tiny village of Puerto Rio Tranquilo for lunch, entering a small café-shop for the empanadas (the South American equivalent of the Cornish pasty) it advertises outside. At the side of the room, otherwise filled with tables and small chairs, is a large chest freezer dribbling with blood – like a scene from a video nasty – as a lady butchers a sheep atop it. Gruesome, but at least the meaty empanadas should be fresh!

Lisi/Thelma and the Rio Baker

Back on the road we hug the lake shore south, glimpsing to the west the high peaks and glaciers bleeding from the Campo de Hielo Norte – the Northern Ice Field. Leaving the lake behind we trace the course of the Rio Baker – a deep turquoise, awesome river – its barely rippling, shimmering surface belying the power beneath. It’s the most voluminous river in Chile and we follow it for miles as it cuts through mountains like lava through ice.      

The elements of geographic beauty that forge such a majestic, natural spectacle are the same elements that conspire to make this river an ideal location for hydroelectric power. The Rio Baker is ear-marked to be tamed in Chile’s largest ever hydroelectric power scheme. And, despite the lack of people in the area, there is graffiti and posters on every turn proclaiming ¡Patagonia SinRepresas! (Patagonia Without Dams!). Personally, I believe the future value in these landscapes has to be in their unique, untrammeled, natural beauty and our aspirations of wilderness – that we all need to know that wild places exist as part of our human condition. A vocal pressure group, with some impressive backers, is determined to prevent the taming of the river in this way. And good luck to ‘em!

Is this the right place for a massive hydroelectric scheme?

Narrow artery through the Valle Chacabuco

This southern extremity of the Carretera Austral is really deserted; we see probably one other car every 30 minutes. The directions to our destination in the Valle Chacabuco are open to interpretation; we take the dirt road turning that “feels right” and then immerse ourselves into the wild end of wilderness. After some minor stressing we agree to give ourselves 8 km to achieve our goal, but we don’t really know what we are looking for! The gravel road narrows and a grass strip gradually emerges between its tyre grooves indicating the lack of traffic. A weird-looking creature – like a camel-sheep chimera or one half of Dr. Dolittle’s Pushmi-pullyu – appears in a small herd, lying in the road. Jane informs us that it’s a guanaco – a relative of the llama. It seems nonplussed, if not disdainful at our presence; but we’ll get used to their superiority complex over the next few days. Just as we feel that we are getting lost in the wilderness, a fully laden four wheel drive hurtles towards us trailing a cloud of yellow dust. The driver responds to our garbled Spanish request for directions with a pointed finger and grunts that we are virtually there. We carry on a few hundred metres to happen upon a complex of the most unexpected architecture and activity among the poplar trees (– characteristic non-native trees introduced by pioneering farmers during the 20th century as windbreaks around their estancias). We finally arrive at the Lodge of Estancia Chacabuco where we are met by a blue-eyed, blond, American lady called Kate, which serves to disorientate us still further. We are at the heart of Conservacion Patagonica’s future Patagonia National Park, and our bewilderment is only going to increase over the next few days. Story of my life!

A pushmi-pullyu too far!

With Thelma and Louise on the Carretera Austral

After my final, home-cooked breakfast before the homey open fire in Caleta Gonzalo’s cozy cafe, I re-pack of my enormous sack – something at which I am now becoming adept. Leaving my cabaña for the last time I stumble across the rocky beach to welcome Lisi and Jane back onto dry land from their small boat from Reñihue. They are both American and they are accompanied by an affable Argentinian chap, called Rafa, and his wife (more of whom in a later blog). (Lisi, Jane and I first met briefly a few days ago on the ferry rides between where we are now and Puerto Montt – the origin of our Patagonian adventure.) With some trepidation I am about to embark on a journey into the unknown with two people I hardly know,  for several days within the tight confines of a Nissan X-Trail 4WD.

Caleta Gonzalo cabanas

Caleto Gonzalo cafe, with a garden of native plants

Carlo and his wife

I splutter Spanish goodbyes to Carlo and his lovely wife – the king and queen of Caleta Gonzalo and, together with Lisi and Jane, depart the fairytale settlement aiming south on the single-lane, gravel (ripio) Carretera Austral (also the southern end of the trans-continental Pan-American Highway). It’s a bright, sunny day as we motor through the forest and mountains towards Chaitén. We stop briefly at the Chaitén volcano trail that I visited yesterday with Carlos to show them the devastation down-slope of the still steaming volcanic blister (see last blog). We also hop out at Chaitén town for quick pics of half-buried houses. We stop for petrol at the pleasant little village of El Amarillo, at the southern gate of Pumalin Park. Here, park people are working with local home-owners to spruce up their buildings to enhance the area’s tourism potential. At the smart, new grocery store we stock up with essential supplies – chocolate, crisps, biscuits, Pumalin park honey, walnuts and more chocolate – and continue on our journey. Beyond El Amarillo and the gates of Pumalin we enter uncharted territory – a strange new world, boldly going where none of us have gone before.

Route of Carretera Austral through Pumalin Park; panorama over Lago Rio Negro

El Amarillo house after aesthetic improvements

Volcan Michimahuida + ice cap, from El Amarillo, with typical Pumalin farm fencing

The first few hours are relatively easy driving, considering that the Carretera is a single-lane gravel road. The road runs relatively straight along the long, narrow valleys of the Rio Yelcho and the Rio Palena, skirting the Corcovado National Park and its eponymous, perfectly conical volcano. Corcovado National Park is the outcome of another inspirational Conservation Land Trust/ Tompkins project.

Crossing the Rio Yelcho

The snow-capped cordillera funnels us southwards as isolated farm shacks appear sporadically alongside the road to remind us that humanity still exists. Each farm occupies land that was beautiful Valdivian rainforest just a few short decades/ years ago as told by the remains of fallen timber giants and jagged stumps – some still blackened by clearance fires. Cows, horses and the odd sheep graze amongst the wooden debris. Some field boundaries are demarked by vertical sections of cut tree trunks implanted adjacently (are these fences or walls?). Occasionally pastures are returning, gradually, to forest, the hot oranges of the re-growing Chilean fire bush turning distant hillsides ablaze with botanical fire. Intermittently, and with decreasing frequency as we drive on, we happen upon small communities of timber buildings. With each passing mile we are heading ever deeper into the wilderness and I wonder, as usual, how people make a living along this gravel road.

Small village church along the Carretera

Travelling in forced proximity with strangers is a fascinating experiment in human relationships – remember the film Thelma and Louise? In our version of the celluloid story I guess, by default, that I must be the Brad Pitt character – a respectfully toned-down version I hasten to add! Initially our discussions are rather polite, even professional, focusing mainly on our independent Pumalin experiences over the past few days and our respective jobs. There are few awkward pauses in conversation though, which augers well for the future of this journey. Lisi is an ecological economist and I am keen to discover what one of these is – but not that keen – so we park that conversation for later. Lisi drives for the first few hours, with her thankfully vast experience of gravel road driving in Wyoming/ Montana. By the way, the winner of the self-made snack competition was Jane’s walnut and Pumalin Park honey combo! Heston Blumenthal eat your heart out!

After 165 km we reach Puyuhuapi – the largest village for hours, but with a population of only 500, located at the head of a long, sea fjord. Founded in 1935 by ethnic Germans, the village is (apparently) world famous for alfombras (carpets)! We don’t stop.

By now I’m driving. The Carretera Austral takes a turn for the worse and continues in that vein for the much of the rest of the day. After Puyuhuapi it contours and sinuates along the edge of the fjord, carved out of the cliff-face, single-laned, corrugated, pot-holed and with nothing to guard against the 100 foot drop to the sea below. In a matter of minutes we’ve gone from Thelma and Louise to the Top Gear Christmas special! It’s probably the most dangerous road I’ve ever driven on; there’s no warning of on-coming buses and lorries, but thankfully they arrive from nowhere only once every half an hour or so. We meet about four vehicles an hour and the occasional pairs of heavily-laden cyclists about to eat our dust! The lack of traffic has the effect of lulling one into a false sense of security. On one instance I glanced sideways, momentarily, at the map being read by Jane in the passenger seat only to be jerked back to reality by weird, voluminous animal noises emanating from back seat Lisi. Instinctively I looked up to have my vision filled by a looming Mercedes-Benz logo on the radiator grill of an on-coming truck. I braked and swerved into the edge as two lorries scraped past – we ate their dust! Lisi (Thelma) had been rendered speechless as she saw the scene unfolding and was only able to warn us through some primeaval, residual jungle tongue from the depths of her subconscious. Anyway, it did the trick.

With Thelma and Louise hanging on the edge of Puyuhuapi fjord

After a nerve-settling break we carried on for a few minutes, only for the car to hit loose gravel beyond the imprinted dusty tyre tracks down the centre of the road. I momentarily lost control as the car skidded on marble-like stones. Like Top Gear’s Clarkson, I steered into the skid as the superficially vegetated, sheer drop arrived in slow motion, through a cloud of road dust. Thankfully the Nissan had chosen its moment to lose control by the only crash barrier for hundreds of kilometres. We stopped within millimetres of it. Thelma, Louise and Brad breathed a collective sigh of relief, giggled nervously, and then rested our jangled nerves again.

The Carretera continues inland, gaining altitude, and we climb mountain sides via an endless series of hair-pin bends (or switchbacks if you’re American). Lots of minor skidding on the steep, gravelly bends, but we manage and have a long break at the pass on the tree-line surrounded by majestic peaks, knowing that descending the other side will only be worse. It is. But, again, we survive.

Mountain pass

It’s now getting late – the light is mellowing, the shadows lengthening, and I’m growing secretly anxious about negotiating this road in the dark. Then, out of nowhere, a short, black ribbon of tarmac appears, sporadically at first, then becoming continuous, and we motor along the curvaceous, new, empty road at (relatively) high speed, through river valleys carpeted with (introduced) purple lupins.

Lupins

Coyhaique (population 44,000) is the biggest town for hundreds of kilometres and is located in a mountain bowl. Lit by an orange setting sun as we approach, it’s a very welcome sight after 12 hours of gruelling driving. Our only thoughts are food and bed. Jane’s excellent urban map-reading finds our germanic bed and breakfast easily. We check in, go out, eat pizza, drink pisco sours, then sleep. We’ve got it all to come again tomorrow!

To be continued…